The Tourism Industry In Malaysia Tourism Essay

The Tourism Industry In Malaysia Tourism EssayThis chapter includes separate. lot 1 is near the background of the holidaymakerry attention in Malaysia. offset 2 is slightly the problem farmingment. The following part is rough the objectives of athletic field and hypotheses of the cin one caseive. Last part is signifi stackce of the consumption up.The touring carry manufacturing in Malaysia mass be considered as one of the most entirely important(p) and strategic industries in the Malaysia sector. Comp ard with degreeer(a) constancy sector in Malaysia, the holidaymakerry diligence has been estimated to sour forward the Gross municipal Income so that Malaysia derriere be a real nation by 2020. For example, the estimation nearly chinaw ar tourism application is expand accordingly to T able 1 with market sh atomic emergence 18 of 8.6% and entrust subscribe to a drastically fermentth in future roughly 8.0% in favorable class 2020.Since the china pe e foc using on increment the tourism industry to boost the gross domestic income, Malaysia government atomic number 18 also trying to promote Malaysia as tourism plain curiously by and with a lot of advertising from inside or alfresco of Malaysia region. Currently, thither argon advertising Malaysia tourism industry with the slogan of Malaysia very(prenominal) Asia.The Malaysia tourism industry argon developing beca practice session of goods and services from the above table 2 show that the number of hotel was supply in Malaysia atomic number 18 at that place comparable amount that is 2,373 from to 2008 to 2009 nevertheless the number of hotel in both state ar wobble magnitude especially for Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Perak, Pulau Pinang, Johor and Sabah . thither argon only dickens state which numbers of hotel ar decreasing be Putrajaya and Pahang. Further more than, the total numbers of style supply atomic number 18 increasing about 1.9% from 165739 rooms to 168844 rooms for 2009. agree to the table 2, on that point are increasing numbers of hotel and rooms by state showing the inclination of tourist are increasing.The tables 3 are showing the number of tourist arrival from outside of Malaysia on grade 2008 and 2009.The total number of foreigner tourist arrival Malaysia are increasing from 22052488 people to 23646191 people and the per centimeage summation about 7.2%. thither are slightly per puzzle outers which take on to come on outside tourist to visit Malaysia, although there are a barrier of distance in the midst of other boorish and Malaysia but the number of foreigner are still increasing from year 2008 to 2009. Although there are distance but the tourism keep see Malaysia from one year to one year.1.3 Problem StatementWith the fast festering of entropy communication technologies (ICTs) and the expansion of the internet has affected the tourism industry anatomical structures around the world. New technologies wa ste been adopted in the tourism industry in lot of nation for more than 30 years, and the course of action is likely to continue into the future. For example mainland China, as a fast-growing developing country in Asia, is gaining importance in the international tourism market for its historic and cultural attractiveness as a destination. It is also becoming a booming tourism source country as its tribe starts locomotion overseas. This prove trys how the ICT and Internet gradually change the tourism industry structure in China how important such(prenominal)(prenominal) changes are, and to where such changes give hightail it Chinas tourism industry. Does Malaysia build the same situation such as China? In this investigate, the main purpose to conduct is to examine the substance ab function of education engineering science on Malaysias tourism agencies.As we know ITs become subservient to boost their competitiveness in the tourism industries. The evolution of ITs routin eing origin in the last decade have change their capabilities as they eternally increase the ability of applied science to influence the tourism industry. With the creative activity in engineering science, ensure the tourism industry bigger market which had leaded to increase the Gross Domestic Income. Moreover, as the engineering science going advance bring lot change to tourism industry and bring more receipts to this industry. What are the meanss that reelect a positive blow to tourism from the use of education engine room? This survey world conducted to explorer the promoter that make headways the use of randomness engineering science on Malaysias tourism agencies. other(a) than that, as more tourism agencies acknowledge that the impacts of teaching engineering to Malaysia tourism industry are becoming more obvious nowadays. Today tourism industries are very disparate compare to era of 90s, especially the bring down of tourist are changing also has change dr astically especially after population of human is increase from year to year. Is that socio-economic influence a tourist choosing their vacation? Socio-economic is the study of the affinity amidst economic activity and friendly life. Socio-economic includes age, salaries, education, sexual urge and others. Both high salaries and low salaries tourist will choose the heterogeneous vacation. The level education also may effect for the choosing of one localization of function for vacation. Males and females are also preferred to difference fixture for vacation. Mostly plausibly we will know what are the face-to-face marks of tourist which lead them to choose one location as their vacation?As the diffusion of study engineering science occurs globally lead a use of diverse fiber of reading applied science for Malaysia tourism agencies. For example in tourism is the re-engineering of the schedule process, which becomes rationalized and enables both consumers and the ind ustry to save more time especially in identifying, reserving and purchasing tourism products. Moreover, tourists will be able to browse by the Internet and identify a rich material body of source from unlike development applied science in order to make break choices meet to their individualised requirements. For example the Com swaner Reservation Systems (CRSs), Global dispersion Systems (GDSs), the emergent super highway by using the Internet and the World great Web and other entropy applied science. Which is the most capable image of cultivation technology being use by the tourist especially when they cherished to go for a vacation in Malaysia?1.4 Objectives of studyThe objectives are to examine the use of schooling technology in Malaysias tourism industry.The specific objectives areTo identify factor that encourages the use of randomness technology on Malaysias tourism industry.To examine the tourist force play trend from the innovation of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry.To examine the alliance betwixt assorted display case of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry.1.5 Hypotheses of the studyBased on the study, we are finding out whether the factor that encourage use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry got re deep with the use of disparate font of information technology through the tourist personal trend from innovation of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. in that respect are list of for the hypothesis developmentH1 Factors that encourage use of information technology will predict signifi movetly the variant grapheme of information technology.H2 on that point will be a significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technologyH3 tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technology will significantly predict the use of diametrical role of i nformation technology.H4 tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technology will mediate the relationships between that encourage use of information technology and the use of distinct type of information technology.1.6 Significance of the studyThis study will show the trend of tourism industry in Malaysia can benefactor academicians or practitioner to improve and enhance their understanding about the factors that encourage use of information technology are the most important factor in Malaysia tourism industry and how it can how it can compensate impact to the use of different type of information technology in tourism industry through the trend of tourist personnel trend from innovation of information technology. Through this study also can jockstrap the people of this country to identify the drastic changing in tourism industry nowadays because of the influence of information technology in this industry. As a result, most of tourism agencies going to use infor mation technology to advertise and this encourage tourist choose different type of information technology for purpose to motive power.The finding from the study can help the tourism agencies or questioner to more understand the evolution of ITs treat forefinger in the last decade have change their capabilities as they eternally increase the ability of technology to influence the tourism industry. There is different capable type of information technology being use by the tourist especially when they wanted to go for a vacation. With the huge no of tourist from outside and inside of Malaysia has leaded to increase the Gross Domestic Income.Besides that, the trend of tourist are changing also has change drastically especially after population of human is increase from year to year. Through this study, can help tourism or researcher more focus on the personnel trend of tourist to ensure every aspect of tourist behavior being update accordingly to afoot(predicate) situation.LITERAT URE REVIEW2.1 presentmentThis chapter is discussing about use of information technology in tourism industry.2.2.1 Literature reviewAs the tourism industry are growing up in other countries like China tourism industry compare with Malaysia tourism. Although with stark naked form of tourism has grow rapidly but the size and destination of Chinese outbound extend are still become an obstacle to China because of their government policies. The CPC primeval Committee at its conference about economy in late 1998 giving opinion that the tourist industry as one of the new growth points of the national economy in the years to come (Qian, 1999) Therefore, Hong Kong, Macao, about of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations) countries, Australia and South Korea have choose China as their major target market by setting up a variety of promotion campaigns. Based on the state statistics, among the countrys 5,201 hotels entitled to accommodate overseas visitors in 1997, 734 were joint venture hotels with over 330,000 hotel bed-spaces, make up 23.5 per cent of the grand total of hotel bed-spaces in the country (CNTA, 1998). Increasingly, ICTs play a occurrenceed routine for the competitiveness of tourism organizations and destinations as well as for the finished industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).Based on the previous researcher, tourists who searched on the Internet mostly spend more time at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources.(Bonn, Furr, Susskind, 1998 Luo, Feng, Cai, 2004).There are other countries resources about tourism industry which to use as variable star to metre factor the use of information technology that affect Malaysia tourism industry. By using roughly example about the advantage of information technology especially online application as variable to test the factor will give impact to the Malaysias tourism. Those variables may include pricing, less time spent on time lag and planning more time on e njoyment, increased the number of choice for consumer, effective utensil to manner complain, and many other factors. Other than that, the internet stick outs a best solution to sell their products globally to say-so travelers at anytime. For example, the supplier can monitor their servers by depend on the display information of product and services at an electronic hurry (Inkpen, 1998 Law, 2000). As in the modern era, Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have impact on the process of how business is performed and how organizations compete with it (Porter, 1985, 2001 Porter Millar, 1985). There are reason of encourages the use of travel agencies is because personal agencies be able to succeed personal information and advice to traveler (Palmer and McCole(1999) and walle(1996). For tourist, they make reservations and receive tickets at pedestal through travel websites which can save their time on waiting and planning (OConnor Frew, 2001). As we know, there are facto r which emphasizes the online mental reservation for post ticket because this will convenient the tourist. Based on information technology applications, there are also e-shopping which appropriates a large geographic coverage that allows consumers to buy from a great variety of product when they shop at home (Peterson et al., 1997).Moreover, ICTs also become a very effective mechanism for consumers to make halo complaints. Based on previous record there are less than 5 percent of nodes who were dissatisfied and already flabby out their complaints using online application (Albrecht Zemke, 1985). For example Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) becomes effectual tool to voice complaints about brands through websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb Sundaram, 2002). There are both(prenominal) sources call Untied.co is probably one of the most nonable examples for one individual who not only used his website to complain against coupled Airlines himself but also to accumula te thousands of complaints from other traveler. The research being carried up to know whether Malaysia tourist using information technology when they want to travel because of is depend on the effective mechanism to voice some complain. Nowadays, individuals have enough power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).This show how effective the impact of information technology on tourism industry around whole world.In addition, according to (Shea, Enghagen, and Khullar, 2004) have illustrated a real case Yours is a very bad Hotel Which publish the mortifying experience made by at least seven newspapers and magazines report. In this literature review, (Werthner and Ricci, 2004) have found that the tourism industry is leading through e-Commerce applications. This application being applied in many Malaysia tourism agencies because of the effeteness of information technology. The information technology was to the full bet ons by Three-dimensional (3D) interac tive websites have attracted the online consumer to do online purchases, and to create loyalty (Fiore, Kim Lee, 2005).Furthermore, tourists can get visualized tourism information from digital maps with aerial and satellite images in both dickens dimensions and even three dimensions (Raggam Almer, 2005).With this kind of information technology will lead to the factor which encourages Malaysia tourism industry to growth stable. This study reviewed the literature to consider factors encourage the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry.In this literature review, the objective show that the impacts of information technology to Malaysia tourism industry are becoming more obvious nowadays until change the personnel trait of the tourist when choosing one location as their vacation. This may embroil the socio-economic about study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. Travel and holidays are one of the most expensive gunpoints purchased regu larly by households around the world and it represents a significant proportion of individuals annual budget. The Internet has changed tourism consumer behavior dramatically (Mills Law, 2004). Moreover, majority of the customers search for travel link up information, air ticket bookings using online, room reservations by online and other by online purchases themselves by travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001). According to (Gursoy and McCleary, 2004) already have developed a comprehensive theoretical model that integrated all psychological, economics, and processing approaches into a cohesive whole for understanding tourists information by seeking their behavior. Normally, through the increasingly of profiling will bring a better personalization, customization and interaction between consumers and tourism organizations.According to (Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou, 2002) have say that the Internet users profiles mostly divide into seven e-social factors, namely geography, culture, regulation, economic, professional, social capital, and social structure. Although the online travel sales and marketing volume keeps increasing, they not depend fully to information technology application but traveler or tourist still depend on travel agents for some human worry and service( Palmer and McCole and Travel Association of America, 1998). Mostly probably when the web users search for travel information, they will tend to browse online about their holiday vacation through multiple websites. As a result, their start finding information in a generic search engine likes Google. By ensure there are systematic applications such as recommender system to ensure help in the social process of indicating about what options are better desirable in a specific case for some individuals (Resnick Varian, 1997, Gretzel et al,, 2004). With this recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers decision making process ( Ricci, 2002). Other than that, with this kind of recommender system can help travelers when facing compound decision-making process by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences and also by identifying better customer requirements (Fesenmaier, Werthner, Wber, 2003, Ricci Werthner, 2002, 2006). In Malaysia, majority of the tourist still depend on tourism agencies to choose their vacation. Selection of vacation destinations and the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and with other travel-related decisions are ground on personality (Mardrigal, 1995).In some of the information search being make, behavior has a significant relationship with demographic and lifestyle characteristics. For example in online ticket reservation booking for room of hotel which can allow consumers to set their online profile and to include personal selective information that suit their preference. Thus, with such application can support tourism organizations to provide bet ter service in future to the consumer especially the tourist. In tourism if there are understandings how different market segments appreciate different tourism products or services also can increase the possibilities to sic suitable products forward for customer. For example, Lastminute.com is one of the web requires suitable information to change the weekly newsletter that being sent to consumers and also trace what part of the newsletter are accessed by most of the consumers so can provide the right personalize in future. For tourism agencies in Malaysia, there are some web which provides demographics and life cycle information about customer profiling. For example, when choosing a vacation for holidays depend on joint decision-making process between husbands and wives mostly. Other than that, children also can play a key role in the decision making process when sham choosing one location for vacation (Wang et al., 2004).With the attractive of the web because of games and cha t-rooms on the Internet on some of the travel agencies web encourage some children often seek fun. As a result, children become the target of tourism attractions especially by provide some of interactive games in order to attract children to visit and pick out with their websites (Tufte Rasmusse, 2003). Nowadays, consumer trend when using information technology to search information occupy all layer of age. According to (Graeupl, 2006) the consumers aged between 50 to 60 are likely to become the most higher category mean in searching for flight information and accommodation are but most of them were not interested in package holidays. As a result, probably we will know there are different personal traits of tourist which lead them to choose one location as their vacation.2.2 Proposed conjectural FrameworkThere are independent variables such as the factor that can influence type of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. The independent variables in this research a re factor that encourages the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry and the personnel traits of tourist are mediating variable. Factor there are encourage the use of information technology include the element ofRequire less time and planning set cheaperEffective mechanism to air complainEasy for making recompenseIncrease of the number of choice for touristThe use of it without border or region barrierVirtual communitiesMeanwhile the dependent variable is the type of information technology use in tourism industry.The effective between factors that encourage the use of information technology on type of information technology through the personnel trait of tourist is show in diagrammed in figure 1Independent VariablesFactor of the use of IT on Malaysia tourism industryTime and planningPriceEffective to air complainEasy for making paymentnumber of choice for touristThe use without border or region barrierVirtual communities qualified VariablesDemographic variableT ype of information technology on tourism industryPersonnel trait of touristFigure 1 theory-based framework to describe effect between the factors that encourage the use of IT on type of information technology on tourism industry through personnel trait of tourist.2.3 Hypothesis DevelopmentA hypothesis of this study will develop to check the factor there are encourage the use of information technology on type of information technology through personnel trait of tourist. There are warning of cytosine survey form being taken from different state in Malaysia to test the variable. The question is whether there is an effect between these variables.H01 Factors that encourage use of information technology will predict significantly the different type of information technology.Ha1 Factors that encourage use of information technology will not predict significantly the different type of information technology.H02 There will be a significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology.Ha2 There will be no significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology.H03 holidaymaker personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will significantly predict the use of different type of information technology.Ha3 Tourist personnel l trend from the innovation of information technology will not significantly predict the use of different type of information technology.H04 Tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will mediate the relationships between that factor encourage use of information technology and the use of different type of information technology.Ha4 Tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will not mediate the relationships between factor that encourage use of information technology and th e use of different type of information technology.Chapter 3 Methodology3.0 IntroductionThis chapter describes the research mannerology used throughout the study. The study is to measure what is relationship between variables factors that encourage the use of information technology, type of information technology and the personal trait of tourist. Topic included in this chapter is the overall research frame which consists of seven chapters. First part is about the introduction, seconds is about the research target, third is data collection method ,fourth is sample distribution blueprint, fourth is about the researcher instrument ,fifth involve measurement scales, sixth is data processing and last part is about data analysis statistic .3.1 research designIn the research design, there are an answer questions like how or why in designing the questionnaire (Robert K. Yin, 1994). In developing the questionnaire, there no fast rules. However there are some meltline that help prevent t he most common mistake being make by researchers in develop a questionnaire. There criteria must be emphasized such as to avoid leading and loaded questions.Moreover, use of questionnaire techniques to collect data for this study. By planning on the research question can ensure the two criteria a questionnaire to meet the researchers purpose (Zigmund, 2002).The questionnaire must have relevancy and accuracy to objective. The use of word may bring to some of misleading thought (Herbert Spencer, 1820-1903). Thus, the questionnaire must be based on ability to avoid any order bias.There are also quantitative data which the number that can be used to measure the variable. There are either descriptive which mean subjects usually deliberate once or experimental which mean subjects measured before and after a treatment in the quantitative research designs (Will G Hopkins, 2000). When measurement the variable from theory it more on the numbers, and the neutrality makes them become the sour ce of curative suggestions ( Kuhn, 1961).Other than that, quantitative data very efficient because it be able to test the hypotheses but may miss some of contextual detail (Miles Huberman,1994).Moreover, the qualitative approach is a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, In-Depth Interviews.3.2. Data collection methodData refer to simply facts of certain phenomena (Zigmund, 2002). There are two type of data collection which divides into primary data and secondary data. The spy or collected directly from first-hand experience is called primary data .Other than that, print data and the data collected in the past or other parties, is called secondary data. Moreover, all data are classified into qualitative or quantitative from the primary data and secondary data.3.2.1 Primary dataThis study utilized primary data collected survey in different state in Malaysia. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 100 respondents near to vacation which have many tourists near different state in Malaysia. A personal questionnaire was designed to solicit foremost socio-economic profile of respondents and secondly, to measure some consumer attitudinal dimension towards fundamental aspects of choosing a vacation using information technology which include time and planning, price, effective to air complain, easy for making payment, number of choice for tourist, the use without border or region barrier, and practical(prenominal) communities.The socio-economic variables include age, gender, race, education, income level and occupation. Likert scales were employed to measure the posture of the consumers attitude towards the proposed concepts or statements. (Fatimah Mohd Arshad et al, 2001).3.2.2 Secondary dataSecondary data are usually historical, already assembly, and do not require access to respondents or subjects. The fact finding of it is aimed at collecting descriptive information to support dec ision making. The use of secondary data is to get more high-fidelity information. Secondary data being used as theresearch designdue to primary research and can provide a guide which the collected primary data results can be compared to it.3.3 Sampling design3.3.1 Target populationMajority of the target population is focus on tourist from different state in Malaysia.3.3.2 Sampling ElementsThe study is to choose different tourist from different age, race and country.3.3.3 Sampling TechniqueThere are several ways of sampling technique for taking a sample. The methods are probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Aprobability sampling evasion is one in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique in which the units of the sample are selected on the basic of person judgment or convenience. Convenient sampling is a procedu re used to obtain those units or people conveniently available. Moreover, convenience sampling being use because it is a low court and the list of population was took randomly.3.3.4 Sampling SizeIn this study, survey form being distributed to 100 respondents of tourist from different age from different area.3.4 search InstrumentThere are questionnaire being used for data collection. The questionnaire involve the combination of the questionnaire on factors that encourage the use of information technology, personal trait of tourist, and the type of information technology being use by tourist in tourism industry. The questionnaire being set up and modified based on the objective of study.The factors that encourage the use of information technologyThe questionnaire on factors that encourage the use of information technology was measured using the factor scale developed by (Dimitrios Buhalis and Maria Cristina Licata, 2004).The scale comprised of seven parts such as time and planning, price, effective to air complain, easy for making payment, number of choice for tourist, the use without border or region barrier, and virtual communities. There are 5-point likert scale was use ranging from strongly disagree(1), disagree(2), partly agree(3), agree(4), strongly agree(5).The personal trait of touristThe personnel trait of tourist was measured using example develop by (Rob Law, Kenith Law, and James Wong, 2004).The questions pertaining to the respondents gender, ethnic, age, income, marital status, education, employees status, country origin, and travel purpose. Respondent need to choose one of preference that are suitable for them .Moreover, the choices of questions are already classified.3. The different type of information technologyThe different type of information technology was measured using different type IT scale developed by (D. Buhalis and M.C. Licata, 2004). The scale consisted of type such as World Wide Web, Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs), Global Di stribution Systems(GDSs) and other. The 5-point likert scale was use ranging from strongly disagree(1), disagree(2), partly agree(3), agree(4), strongly agree(5).3.5 Measurement ScalesA scale being defined as any category of item which being progressively according to value or magnitude. For normally there are four types of measurement scales used in research such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. In this study, only nominal and interval scales being use. Interval scales being use to test variable in atom 1 and 3 and measure the different in the choice making of respondent. Nominal scale used in section 2 to measure the demographic variable of respondent.3.6 Data processingIn this study, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the hearty Science) software version 17 will use to process the data being collected. SPSS data input be coding and transform to payoff through SPSS software. All the input be collected being put into the SPSS input to get the more accurate and rel iable.3.7 Data Analysis3.7.1 descriptive AnalysisBy changing the raw data into a form that will ensure the output is easy to understand and interpret it cognise as descriptive analysis (Zikmund, 2002). It also can rearr